The penguin page is a series of information pages that contains various sorts of factual and theoretical information. As it stands, the factual data, including the photographs presented in these documents, is copyrighted material. All rights are reserved and ownership should be respected. Bibliographies and photograph credits may be found within this page.

Unless otherwise stated, all remaining graphics, commentaries, photographs and unpublished information is copyright © 1994-1997 Kevin C Welch. For information regarding the fair use of all the copyrighted material, click here. I got into a lot of trouble by using photographs copyrighted by other individuals. I thought my use was relatively harmless; perhaps you might think the same as well. You are not permitted to download these images, redistribute them or modify them in any way without expressed, written consent.

Unless specifically cited, information regarding penguin biology and behaviour was compiled from the following sources:

Birkhead, T.R. & Moller, A.P.  Sperm Competition in Birds.
        London:	Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1992.
Peterson, Roger Tory.  Penguins.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin 
	Company, 1979.
Simpson, George Gaylord.  Penguins:  Past and Present, Here
        and There. New Haven:  Yale University Press, 1976.
Stonehouse, Dr. B.  The Biology of Penguins.  Baltimore:
        University Park Press, 1975.

The penguin at the top of this page was drawn by Adrian.

A few photographs were taken by Art Wolfe. Art Wolfe is a remarkable wildlife photographer, whose works include penguins, wolves and other marine life. You may want to visit his website to check out his work. He also sells many posters and books. If you would like to purchase Penguins, Puffins, and Auks, the book from which these images were taken, you can do so by visiting Amazon.com.

I've been going through the documents and haphazardly adding credit to the various photographs in my documents. If you notice any credits that are blatanly wrong, please notify me so I can correct them. Otherwise, a compiled list of names is below.

© Kevin C. Welch

© Art Wolfe

© Alejandro Tabini

© David Mundstock

© Joe Mayernik

© Juan Moreno

© Thomas Lamarre

On the title page and disperesed through various sections, you'll find the artwork of Rich Kline. Simply amazing stuff. To him I am indebted.

Birkhead, T.R. & Moller, A.P.  Sperm Competition in Birds.
        London:	Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1992.
Peterson, Roger Tory.  Penguins.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin
        Company, 1979.
Simpson, George Gaylord.  Penguins:  Past and Present, Here
        and There. New Haven:  Yale University Press, 1976.
Stonehouse, Dr. B.  The Biology of Penguins.  Baltimore:
        University Park Press, 1975.

      The Real videos displayed in the Penguin Page Showcase were digitized using a Miro video capture board. The contents of the videos are segments from The World of Penguins, a series of the PBS show Nature. Nature is funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and is copyright 1995 by Thirteen, WNET. To obtain this wonderful video, please contact your local PBS station, or write to Penguins, P.O. Box 2284, South Burlington, VT, 05407.

      All eleven audio files on the species pages were captured using a Ensoniq sound board and Windows 95 recording software. The contents of the audio files were taken from segments of The World of Penguins, a series of the PBS show Nature. Nature is funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and is copyright 1995 by Thirteen, WNET. To obtain this wonderful video, please contact your local PBS station, or write to Penguins, P.O. Box 2284, South Burlington, VT, 05407.

I assume all responsibility for the material created and reproduced in this archive. The Penguin Page is an archive of information that is not necessarily endorsed by CapuNet or by the authors quoted herein. All errors and legal oversights are mine.

§107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair Use

    Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include -

1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.

This publication includes images from Penguins which are protected by the copyright laws of the U.S., Canada and elsewhere. Used under license.